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Poly(amino acids) (PAAs) are of considerable commercial interest. As biodegradable polyanionic materials their applications range from slow release agents in agriculture, to detergents, surfactant, metal adsorbents, and cosmetics (1,2). PAAs may offer several advantages in biomedical applications. PAAs offer potential for other applications, such as in diagnostics (3), sustained release matrices, microencapsulation, for plasma membrane isolation and chromosomal preparations, carriers for therapeutic protein conjugates and drug delivery systems (4,5). Many drug delivery studies have explored their benefits for antitumor drug conjugates (6). A particular useful PAA feature is that their in vivo degradation rate can be modulated by structural alterations, e.g., the hydrophilicity of branch residues (7,8). Glycosylated poly(-L-glutamic acid) has been proposed as a biodegradable carrier for liver-specific drug delivery (9). Particularly important are the very low toxicities and immunogenicities PAAs exhibit (e.g., the acute toxicity of poly(aspartic acid) Mw 1,500-3,000: LD50 >2,000 mg/L, [rat, oral]). These factors could result in reduced drug intake requirements and, hence more convenient administration and improved patience compliance Certain PAAs may also offer therapeutic benefits based on their polyanionic nature (10)
g-Poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) is a high molecular weight (typically >1,000,000 daltons), water soluble and biodegradable polymer elaborated from Bacillus licheniformis. Useful as drug carrier.
see PGA1 |
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1-J. Bacteriology, 68:307-315. 1954. 2-J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15, 591-603, 1981. 3-J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 328, 1994. 4-JNCI, 73, 721, 1984. 5-Cancer Res.. 1;58 (11):2404-9, 1998. 6-J. Med. Chem., 1984, 27, 1602-1607. Cancer Res. 44, 25-30, 1984. J. Med. Chem, 1980, 23, 1166-1177. U.SPaten5,087,616, 1992. 7-Biopolymers, 29, 549, 1990. 8-J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Symp., 5, 197, 1974. 9-Pharm Res;13(6):880-4 1996. 10-J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 255, 875, 1990.
Clin. Cancer Res., 5, 891, 1999; Macromol. Chem., 176, 1643, 1978; Can. J. Chem., 47, 3670, 1969; Cancer Res., 58, 2404, 1998; Nature, 390, 386, 1997; Pharm. Res., 13, 880, 1996; Pharm. Res., 13, 820, 1996; Int. J. Pharm., 20, 107, 1999; Pharm. Dev. Technol., 3, 199, 1998.
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