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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight copolymer of 1,3-b-linked copolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine–1,4-b-D-glucuronic acid with unusual rheological properties. It physiological functions include the lubrication and protection of cells, maintenance of tissue structural integrity, and transport of molecules to and within cells. Hyaluronan influences cellular proliferation and migration in developing, regenerating and remodeling tissues and in tissues undergoing malignant tumor-cell invasion. The prevalence of hyaluronan-binding proteins indicates the important of HA recognition in tissue organization and the control of cellular behavior. A number of extracellular matrix and cellular proteins, the hyaladherins, have specific HA affinities. These include cartilage link-protein, hyaluronectin, neurocan, versican and aggrecan, that all bind to HA within the extracellular matrix. Cellular receptors for hyaluronan such as CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for hyaluronate-mediated motility) have also been identified. The presence of specific HA cell receptors indicates potential uses in cancer therapy. Other biomedical uses include cataract surgery, osteoarthritis, and prevention of post-surgical adhesions. It also displays useful wetting and moisture-preserving functions that are of interest in cosmetic and topical medical areas. HA sources include rooster combs, umbilical cords, shark skin, bull’s eye and fermentation.
CarboMer offers HA in several grades and from different sources, including medical and research grades in different molecular weight ranges. We also provide fractionated HAs. Please inquire.
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Biochem. Soc. Trans., 27, 115, 1999; J. Intern. Med., 242,:27, 1997; Am. J. Pathol., 148, 1733, 1996; Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 213, 129, 1996; J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Edn., 4, 245, 1993; Bioconjugate Chem., 5, 339, 1994; Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 7, 279, 1991.
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